REVIEW: Multimodal Optical Diagnostics of Glycated Biological Tissues

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O. A. Smolyanskaya^1,a*, E. N. Lazareva^2,3, S. S. Nalegaev¹, N. V. Petrov¹, K. I. Zaytsev^4,5,6, P. A. Timoshina^2,3, D. K. Tuchina^2,3,4, Ya. G. Toropova⁷, O. V. Kornyushin⁷, A. Yu. Babenko⁷, J.-P. Guillet⁸, and V. V. Tuchin^1,2,3,9

¹ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia

²Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia

³Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia

⁴Prokhorov General Physics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia

⁵Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia

⁶Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia

⁷Almazov National Medical Research Centre, 197341 St. Petersburg, Russia

⁸IMS Laboratory, University of Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France

⁹Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, Russian Academy of Sciences, 410028 Saratov, Russia

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received September 18, 2018; Revised September 18, 2018; Accepted September 18, 2018

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia accompanied by the disruption of carbohydrate, lipid, and proteins metabolism and development of long-term microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic changes. This review presents the results of spectroscopic studies on the glycation of tissues and cell proteins in organisms with naturally developing and model diabetes and in vitro glycated samples in a wide range of electromagnetic waves, from visible light to terahertz radiation. Experiments on the refractometric measurements of glycated and oxygenated hemoglobin in broad wavelength and temperature ranges using digital holographic microscopy and diffraction tomography are discussed, as well as possible application of these methods in the diabetes diagnostics. It is shown that the development and implementation of multimodal approaches based on a combination of phase diagnostics with other methods is another promising direction in the diabetes diagnostics. The possibilities of using optical clearing agents for monitoring the diffusion of substances in the glycated tissues and blood flow dynamics in the pancreas of animals with induced diabetes have also been analyzed.

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KEY WORDS: diabetes, glycated tissues, multimodal approach, holographic microscopy, diffraction tomography, visible and infrared spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy and imaging, optical clearing agents

DOI: 10.1134/S0006297919140086

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